Suitable climate for pistachio tree planting

The pistachio tree can be cultivated in geographical latitudes of 27-37 degrees north.
The most suitable height above sea level for pistachio tree cultivation is 900-1800 meters.
Of course, the height of 1800-2200 and 200-900 meters is acceptable for pistachio.
The most suitable ambient temperature during the growing season is 25-35 degrees, it should be noted that temperatures of 36 to 42 and 20 to 24 can be tolerated for pistachios.
One of the reasons for abortion and pistachio crop failure is the effect of high and low temperatures at the end of the growing season, which prevent fruit growth and lead to abortion.
Also, one of the influencing factors in pistachio tree cultivation is the ambient temperature during the pollination season.
The optimal temperature at the time of pollination is 16-22 degrees Celsius.
The pistachio tree should be cultivated in areas where its cold condition is resolved during the winter season.
At least 1000 hours of winter cold at 2-7 degrees Celsius is needed to help the awakening and growth of buds and the production of inflorescences and to accelerate the vegetative growth of the pistachio tree.
If the total winter cold temperature is less than 670 hours, the flowering and leafing of the tree will be delayed and the leaves will be irregular and poorly shaped and the crop production will decrease.
The pistachio tree tolerates 45°C in summer and -20°C in winter.
To have the maximum yield, the relative humidity in summer should be less than 35%, although lower relative humidity values are also recommended because it reduces fungal diseases.
An increase in relative humidity during flowering and pollination causes pollination efficiency and as a result reduces fruit formation, and also causes the spread of fungal diseases during fruit ripening.
Wind, rain, hail, spring cold and extreme heat in the growing season are among the factors that have an unfavorable effect on crop production.
In general, the presence of hot, dry and long summers and cold, moderate winters are suitable environmental factors for planting pistachios.

Suitable areas for pistachio cultivation

1- 900 to 1800 meters above sea level is a suitable height for planting pistachios.
2- The suitable latitude for pistachio planting is 24 to 42 degrees north.
3- The maximum humidity acceptable for the pistachio tree in the summer season is 0.35
4-Too much spring rain disrupts tree pollination, as in northern regions where it rains a lot.
5- Snowfall in winter is beneficial for pistachios, although it is much better if the soil is not salty.
6- Areas where strong sand and stormy winds blow over 50 km/h are harmful for the pistachio tree.
7- First of all, the pistachio tree prefers a dry climate with very low humidity
8-In wet weather, the pistachio tree will not produce but will grow.
9- Suitable conditions for pistachio tree are dry and hot climate in summer (not too hot) and cold and moderate winter.
10- The pistachio tree tolerates temperatures up to minus 20 degrees in winter and up to 42 degrees in summer.

In which areas pistachios should not be planted?

1- Do not plant pistachios in areas where the soil is sandy and light.
2- There are many problems for pistachio farming in areas where the subsurface water has risen to a depth of one and a half to two meters.
3- Areas that have problems in meeting cold requirements, especially cultivars with high cold requirements, should not cultivate pistachios.
4- Areas with high probability of rain and spring colds are not suitable for pistachio planting
5- Areas with high humidity will have difficulty in controlling fungi and the quality of the product will be low.

In general, due to the high cost of pistachio production, considering all the conditions, it is only profitable to grow pistachios in areas with high production and high productivity.

Soil properties for pistachio tree planting

Pistachio cultivation is done successfully in different types of soil. In pistachio farming areas of Iran, loamy sand texture, which is a medium texture, produces the best product
Also, a suitable product has been produced in heavier soil textures such as loam-clay-silty and even clay loam.
The presence of natural drains, like a sand layer at a depth of more than 2 meters from the soil surface, can compensate for the heaviness of the soil texture.
The most suitable soil for pistachio cultivation in terms of depth is deep soil with uniform texture
The presence of shallow or hard soil causes the aerial and underground parts of the tree to remain short, as a result of which its fertility and performance are significantly reduced.
Pistachio trees do not grow well in waterlogged conditions.
Pistachio trees grow well in rich, sandy, loamy soils with great depth and water salinity and lower soil.
In these soils, the return of investment is short, therefore, the construction of pistachio orchards in water and quality soil is more economical and economical.
The tolerance of pistachio in water and soil salinity conditions is not the reason for planting it in poor and salty soils, so that with poor soil and high salinity, the yield per unit area will decrease and the orchards will gradually become uneconomical.
In addition to the high water and soil saliniy, the presence of a hard layer, salinity and alkalinity of the soil, the presence of a completely sandy layer under the clay layer, the high level of false water tables or, in other words, the high level of stagnation, are limiting factors for pistachio cultivation. .
Before building a garden, it is necessary to check it with water and soil experts, and if the limiting factors can be removed and the conditions can be corrected, it should be repaired and then the garden should be built, otherwise the garden should be abandoned.

Construction stages of pistachio garden

After choosing an area that has suitable soil and water climatic conditions for the development of Iranian Pistachio cultivation, the following actions are taken.
Excavation of the soil profile with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 2 meters to check the water level of underground aquifers, soil texture, hard and impermeable layer, etc.
Sampling water and soil and conducting tests to investigate and study their condition in terms of salinity and alkalinity, food elements, etc.
Preparing the garden map and specifying the main and side streets, the location of the installation, the location of the well and the water storage pool (if needed), determining the planting direction of the rows of trees, the distance between the rows and the distance of the pistachio trees on the row and the location of the wind breaker. Establishment of male trees and.
Land leveling, if, based on the opinion of water and soil experts, bubbler irrigation is desired, leveling should be done with a slope of 1-2%, and in drip irrigation, relative leveling is sufficient.

To prepare the garden soil, plow the entire surface of the ground with a tractor, and if the soil has a hard layer or heavy texture up to a depth of 2 meters, it should be broken and permeable with Susulose and smoothed after plowing - pistachio wholesale -